![]() Modern journaling file systems such as ext3 and ext4 go to tremendous efforts to ensure they don’t break, become corrupt, or lose data. The Trouble With Securely Deleting FilesĪs good as shred is, there’s an issue. Shred has no recursive option, so it cannot be used to erase directory trees of nested directories. The remaining files are each processed by shred in turn. The * represents multiple characters, and the ? represents a single character. This command would delete all of the remaining “Preliminary_Notes” files in the current working directory. Wildcards can be used with shred to select groups of files to be erased. RELATED: You Only Need to Wipe a Disk Once to Securely Erase It Shredding Multiple FIles But is it less secure? Three passes, interestingly, is probably more than enough. To get three passes in total, we request an extra two passes: shred -uvz -n 2 Preliminary_Notes.txt_02.txtįewer passes-fewer shreddings if you like- is obviously faster. So shred will always do one more pass than the number we ask for. The number we provide here is the number of extra passes we require shred to perform. We can ask shred to use more or fewer overwrite passes by using the -n (number) option. It then removes the file and overwrites some of the metadata in the inode The first three passes use random data, and the final pass uses zeroes, as we requested. Shred overwrites the file four times by default.
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